Mandatory Military Service Essay - 1029 Words

As many other countries mandate young adults partaking in the military for two years, the United States should follow suit. Many beneficial consequences would be rendered as a result of the increase in service. This would also be a great commencement into the real world for any young adult. These statements can be explored by discussing the benefits of free college tuition, disciplined young adults who are ready to follow orders, and the sheer power of numbers. One exceptional perk of joining the military would be free college tuition. This would allow the students who have not excelled as fast as others a doorway to achieve their full potential. This would also benefit the United States as a whole country. Along with expanding the†¦show more content†¦Another benefit of mandating the service of young adults is that they would be disciplined and setup for success in life as a productive citizen of the United States. Military boot camp is designed to break the recruit down to where they are not better than any other recruit, and then they train them to do their best in every task they approach. This creates unrivaled discipline and extreme excellence in every operation the United States military executes. Not only will this be useful while in military service, but also when they begin to operate in the working world. This requirement will unify the working force as a result of the mandated service. Businesses will be able to work ef ficiently and accurately in all that they accomplish. Again, this will improve the United States as a country. Why would the United States refuse this mandate? The only reason would be that they bring the law down to the lowest denominator of the few people who argue with the benefits. These people might say that not all people are designed to be in the military. However, the military has jobs for every make and model. Every talent is useful to the military. Making young adult serve in the military for two years would actually give them time to figure out what their future career is meant to be. Some people cannot ever be satisfied, and would object to anything! On the contrary, decisions that have the abundance of benefits as mandating service for youngShow MoreRelatedMilitary Service Should Be Mandatory Essay904 Words   |  4 Pagesactivist, an artisan or a business professional, the military has something for everyone. Finding a path in life is often filled with uncertainty an d procrastination. The United States military is a path in itself, should one wish to retire from it; however, should a person wish to make their own path, there are benefits for that as well that can remove all doubt and curb procrastination. Due to these many benefits, I believe that it should be mandatory for all adults to enlist for a minimum of twenty-fourRead MoreEssay on Military Service Should be Mandatory822 Words   |  4 PagesMilitary Service Should be Mandatory Americans, especially baby boomers, should be ashamed of themselves. How can the worlds richest population let its military go begging for recruits? Each year, the military services -- Air Force, Army, Marines, Navy -- establish recruiting goals to maintain adequate numbers of personnel. The numbers change annually depending on, among other factors, service needs, recruitment figures the year before and retention of current troops. Most informed folksRead MoreMandatory Military Service in the United States Essay1952 Words   |  8 PagesMandatory Military Service in the United States The idea that members of a community have the duty to defend it, is as old as civilization itself (Ruschmann 10). The United States has an extensive history, starting with the original thirteen States of involuntary conscription in time of conflict. Citizen’s service is a standard principle of American military service, which places the obligation of service upon citizens to serve and to ensure that the state require those citizens to serve (DalehiteRead MoreEssay about Customs and courtesies1003 Words   |  5 Pagesyou have put forth your best effort. The Army is one team and each of us has something to contribute. Military courtesy is one of the major features of the Army. It is intended to reinforce discipline and the chain of command, defining how soldiers treat their chain of command and vice versa. There are a number of traditions that have been established over the history of the military services. These many traditions can be broken into a number of customs and courtesies. A custom is a way of actingRead MoreMental Health Accommodations For Our Military Men And Women Sufficient1548 Words   |  7 PagesAre mental health accommodations for our military men and women sufficient? Soldiers are put through trying conditions when deployed. Many of the men and women are sent to a foreign country away from their homes full of the people they love the most, who are spending their time with a worry in the back of their mind if they will get the chance to hold, touch, or see their loved ones ever again. Often, the soldiers who do make it back home to their families tend to develop some mental p roblems overRead MoreRespect in the Military1183 Words   |  5 PagesEssay The purpose of this essay is to further my knowledge of the Army NCO support channel, chain of command and why we as Soldiers use them. It is also to inform the parties that may be what I feel loyalty, dedicated service and also my interpretation of Military bearing and Discipline. I am explaining the importance of obeying a lawful order from an NCO and performing that order in a timely manner. The NCO support channel is designed to be subordinate to and supportive of the chain of commandRead MoreShould The United States Bring Back The Draft For The Armed Forces?1220 Words   |  5 PagesShould the United States Bring Back the Draft for the Armed Forces? The United States should not bring back mandatory military service, also known as â€Å"the draft†. I personally am not supportive of the draft due to many issues including health and mental concerns brought about by the war. These concerns include Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Depression, and Substance Abuse, just to name a few. I also feel that the education of the soldiers would be limited because after age 18, most peopleRead MoreImportance of Being on Time1193 Words   |  5 PagesThe Importance of Being on Time in the Military by [Name] [Institution] INTRODUCTION A soldier is considered as the man of the moment. It is because, the military organizations treat timeliness with extreme importance. It orients all courses of their activities and their success depends on the quality of that orientation. Therefore constant researches go on in every military organization to raise the understanding of timeliness among its members, manyRead MoreMilpds Analysis Essay1516 Words   |  7 Pages The Military Personnel Data System (MilPDS) The Military Personnel Data System (MilPDS) The Military Personnel Data System (MilPDS) is the Human Resource (HR) system that comprises each active duty Air Force, Guard and Reserve member’s personnel record as well as retirees. MilPDS is an Air Force wide military system constituting one of the worlds largest Oracle HR implementations, comprising over 100 military subsystems. MilPDS is used to process pay transactions, track accountability andRead MoreIs College Worth It?1177 Words   |  5 Pageswalked across the stage at your high school graduation ceremony you probably were confronted by the options of college, military service, work force, etc. If you decide college is the place to go, then questions start to arise, how am I going to pay for college, where should I go, what do I want to study. Is college is a voluntary place to further your education or is it mandatory to achieve a decent paying job? College has now become something that everyone is choosing because no one wants to be paid

Romantic Period -Williom Wordsworth - 2416 Words

Wordsworth’s Romantic Values The Enlightenment, a period of reason, intellectual thought, and science, led some writers to question those values over emotion. Instead, as the Romantic movement gradually developed in response, writers began to look at a different approach to thought. The Romantic period, roughly between the years of 1785 to 1830, was a period when poets turned to nature, their individual emotions, and imagination to create their poetry. Romantic poets such as Wordsworth, Coleridge, Shelley, and Keats rejected conventional literary forms, regular meters, and complex characters and experimented with emotion and nature subjects in their poems which marked a literary renaissance. Besides a response to the Enlightenment,†¦show more content†¦Many of Wordsworth’s poems, including â€Å"Tintern Abbey†, show how man and nature have a direct correlation with each another. According to Harold Bloom, â€Å"Wordsworth understands himself as a po et, and he understands the idea of reciprocity between the natural world and his own mind† (Bloom 38). Bloom also explains Wordsworth’s notion of â€Å"the importance of the mind of man and its direct link to nature† can produce â€Å"a freer †¦ [and] more direct mode of expression† (Bloom 36). This idea of a relationship between man and nature was unheard of until the arrival of Wordsworth’s Lyrical Ballads. The significance behind his poetry in Lyrical Ballads is the controversy behind this new idea brought forth to the public during the Romantic era. These ideas served as a â€Å"deliberate revolt against the worldviews of the scientific philosophers of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, who represented reality as a mechanical world consisting of physical particles of motion† (Norton 1322). Besides the controversial ideas of Wordsworth, he uses nature as a theme in most of his poetry because he is essentially in love with n ature. The rise of factories and cities during the Industrial Revolution depressed Wordsworth, only making him long for the return to â€Å"[those] beauteous forms† (line 22) found in Wye valley. Wordsworth states his disapproval of the modernized

Management And Organizational Behaviour †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Management And Organizational Behaviour? Answer: Introduction: The leadership is most widely used concept in the organizational behavior as this is the process to influence the people to achieve the specific goals. The main purpose of this essay to highlight the different types of the leadership style as well as the application of the path goal theory of the leadership for the achievement of the goals. The term leadership is used as an art that helps to give a new shape to the organization and the leadership requires, different styles, skills, techniques and self confidence. There are many traits and theories are associated with the business process of the leadership and the most common attributes or traits used by the leaders are determination, intelligence, self confidence, charisma and integrity. The company leaders are the people who exhibit the ideas, visions, values, power to influence and motivate others as well as have the ability to take the best decisions. The leadership has a great impact on the performance of the organization as the leadership influence its employees to focus towards the achievement of the goals and objectives. In this essay, the different types of the leaders and the path goal theory of the leadership as well as the review of the different articles are going to be discussed in detail. Discussion: There are many articles given by the many authors in relation to the leadership and the path goal theory. However, Leana Polston, discussed about the path goal theory in her article named as the Path goal theory, relationships of the leadership styles and commitments of supervisor. The purpose of this article is to represent the clear picture and to investigate the theory of the path and goal leadership and highlights the relationship between the different leadership styles. It is analyzed that the path goal theory is the contingency approach of the leadership which is based on the theory of the expectancy and motivation given by the Vrooms. The path goal theory was developed by the Evan in the year 1970 and later on it is carried by the House (Silverthorne, 2001). The path goal theory is beneficial to find out the reason behind the rewards and to determine how these rewards and incentives affect the satisfaction and motivation of the employees, working in the organization. The autho r of this article has the viewpoint that the leader has the ability to influence the subordinates and re-enforcement of the change in them, is the most important aspect of the Path goal theory. The path goal theory, however, presents the four different styles or behaviors of the leader and these are Directive, Supportive, Participative and achievement oriented. Directive leadership is the first leadership behavior presented in the path goal theory and these styles are better explained in the article Application of the Path theory in Telecom sector. This article is given by the Hyatt Malik and he talks about the importance of this theory in the telecommunication industry. Leadership is the most important aspect and every organization adopts the leadership process to achieve the goals. The directive leadership style involves the specific guidelines or the instructions given by the leaders to their subordinate to teach them how to perform their specific tasks. Moreover, the Directive leaders set the standard and targets for the people to achieve and then measure their performance accordingly. The directive style of leaders helpful to give the directions to the people and provides the expectations of the performance. The term acceptance of leader refers to the state of the subordinates who are always ready to accept the guidelines of the leader s. The findings of the research report also depict that the directive leaders have a strong relation with the acceptance of the leader which is the part of the path goal theory (Malik et al., 2014). Furthermore, the supportive leadership style is concerned with the well being of the employees and support the individuals. A supportive leader is always focusing to overcome the stress of the employees as well as to reduce the feeling of the frustration at the workplace. This type of leadership style is helpful to build the interpersonal relationships with the employees and to motivate them to perform well in the organization to get the attractive rewards and incentives. The findings of the report of the Hyatt Malik demonstrate the significant relation between the supportive leadership style and the acceptance of the leader. The motivation and the support given by the leaders is very effective to improve the performance of the subordinates to achieve the goals of the organization. This type of the leadership is useful in the certain circumstances, especially, when the employees at the workplace found more stressed and frustrated. However, it is the duty of the Supportive leaders to control the environment and gives powerful attention to the needs and welfare of his or her employees (Mohammed et al., 2014) The Participative style is also the one of the prominent aspect of the path goal theory of the leadership. In this leadership style, the leaders appreciate the ideas, suggestions and the views of the employees and make them feel special by inviting them to participate in the process of the decision making. This is also considered as the best tool to motivate the subordinates as their participation leads to the mental satisfaction and the self motivation among the employees. The results of the study presented by the Colin Silverthorne in Taiwan also demonstrate the fact that the participation of the employees in the decision making has the great attempt that can be followed by the organization. The sample has been taken from the major company in Taiwan which includes 46 leaders and 92 subordinates. The data for this study was collected with the help of the questionnaires and the findings of the report revealed that the participative leadership is the effective style builds the strong relationship between the managers and the subordinates. It has been observed that the the participative leadership styles bring the innovation and creativity through the suggestions of the employees and as a result of which it improves the employee skills (Sarti, 2014). Furthermore, the last leadership style is the achievement oriented style. This type of style refers to the setting of goal, set high standards and emphasizing on the improvements in the work performance of the employees at work. This type of leader encourages the employees or subordinates to perform better and give their best to reach the highest level of the goal attainments. Achievement leaders set a challenging goals, improve performance and shows confidence that employees will assume more responsibility and effort. The research is conducted on the sports team, which suggested that the achievement oriented leadership style is important as compared to the participative styles as the participation of the team members is less important because of the sports spirit of the team members. Achievement behavior is important in sports teams. The group members work independently, it may lead to better group performance. However, this achievement oriented theory may have the negative effects as the subordinates feel themselves under pressure and because of which they would not be able to perform well in the organization. At that time, the employees were in the need of motivation of the supportive leader (Polston-Murdoch, 2013). Conclusion: Therefore, it is concluded that the all the leadership styles are playing the significant role in order to improve the performance of the employees or subordinates to achieve the goal of the organizations. As above, all the four different styles of the leadership such Directive, Supportive, Participative and the achievement oriented styles, has been discussed (Ogbeide, 2011). The essay basically focused on the theory of path goal leadership and this helps the organization to motivate and influence their employees or the subordinates for their better performance. However, it is the responsibility of the leaders to adopt the flexible techniques and leadership styles accounting to the circumstances. There are many studies on the basis of which it is concluded that the leadership is the most effective strategy to motivate the employees and influence employee satisfaction for the organizational growth (Williams, 2017). As per the different studies, the most effective leadership styles is the Directive style that provides the instructions to perform the specific task. This is concluded from the above essay that the path goal theory is making the employees fit for the organization. The use of the different styles is dependent on the different situation and the circumstances. The findings of the reports mentioned above also revealed the significance of the leadership styles with regard to the motivation and employee satisfaction in the organization. References Malik, S., Aziz, S. Hassan, H., 2014. Leadership Behavior and Acceptance of Leaders by Subordinates: Application of Path Goal Theory in Telecom Sector. International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 5(2), pp.170-75. Mohammed, U. et al., 2014. The Relationship between Leadership Styles and Employees Performance in Organizations (A Study of Selected Business Organizations in Federal Capital Territory, Abuja Nigeria). European Journal of Business and Management, 6(22), pp.1-11. Ogbeide, G., 2011. Leadership Styles for Foodservice Managers. Journal of Culinary Science Technology, 9(3), pp.177-92. Polston-Murdoch, L., 2013. An Investigation of Path-Goal Theory, Relationship of Leadership Style, Supervisor- Related Commitment, and Gender. Emerging leadership journal, pp.13-33. Sarti, D., 2014. Leadership styles to engage employees: evidence from human service organizations in Italy. Journal of Workplace Learning, 26(3/4), pp.202-16. Silverthorne, C., 2001. A test of the path-goal leadership theory in Taiwan. Leadership Organization Development Journal, 22(4), pp.151-58. Williams, C., 2017. MGMT3 /? Chuck Williams, Alan McWilliams, Rob Lawrence, Available at: https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/37889804?selectedversion=NBD5853473

Road To Teenage Pregnancy Essays - Adolescence, Adolescent Sexuality

Road To Teenage Pregnancy The Road of Teenage Pregnancy As a senior in high school, I had to make a very important decision. Did I want to have a baby and finish school, or did I want to get married and quit school. Although abortion and adoption were the right choice for some people, I knew they were not the right choice for me. Regretfully, I chose to drop out of school, marriage and parenthood. Many teenagers have been faced with the same decision, but how do they know which road is the right one to take? For each person the same choice may not be the right choice. In my case, I had seen friends pregnant in school who suffered criticism for deciding to have sex at such a young age and for not knowing how to protect themselves against pregnancy. What many teenagers do not realize is that some children do not have someone to talk to them about these things. I knew nothing about sex or protection and found myself in a position with someone who knew nothing about those things either. I decided that I did not want to place myself in the position to be criticized by these things and quit school. Quitting school was a very hard decision for me to make. It forced me to decide what I was going to do with my life once the baby came. Since I took cosmetology classes at the technical school for two years while I was in high school, I decided to enroll in a local beauty school to finish the hours I needed to take the board exam. I went the entire time I was pregnant and graduated by the time the baby was four months old. I passed my board examination and received my license by the time she was six months old. I worked as a beautician for three years and made a decent living. I soon realized I did not want to be a beautician for the rest of my life. Do I regret the decision I made? To answer that, I would have to say that I do regret the decision to drop out of school but have never once regretted having the baby. It was not easy being married and a parent at the age of seventeen. We were both too young for the responsibilities we faced. I worked to support us, went to beauty school, and dealt with pregnancy while he finished high school. There were times I felt like all the responsibility had been placed on me, which made me bitter and caused problems with our marriage. I knew our marriage was over by the time our daughter was four years old so we agreed to get a divorce. I found out I was pregnant during our separation and quickly decided that I would not settle on marriage for that reason again. There are times that I feel like I should have tried harder to make things work, but I think we would have been unhappy. I would not want to give my children that kind of life. To this day, I think I made the right decision because our life is good and is getting better everyday. Many positive things have come from my decision such as discovering the things that are most important to me. I want to make a good life and provide my children with the best possible choices. I have also learned that I do not want people to remember me only because I got pregnant in high school and dropped out. These thoughts and feeling have pushed me to get my GED, enroll in college, and to pursue a career in education. I have learned that children are important to me and I want to make a difference in their life. I want my children to know the decisions that they will have to face someday, to know which decisions are the right ones to make, and to know the consequences of the things they may choose to do. I do not think I would have these feelings so strongly if I had chosen a different road. Who knows what I might be doing now? Do the things that

Politics Of Displacement Essays - Guggenheim Fellows,

Politics Of Displacement Jean Elshtain, Chp.2 Democracy and the Politics of Displacement Response to Question 1: In the excerpted chapter titled Democracy and the Politics of Displacement, Jean Elshtain discusses the concept of ?politics of identity'. In discussing the ?politics of identity', Elshtain argues there is an emerging social phenomenon, wherein society is turning the private affairs of our lives into public discourse. The Western World has become a public pool, in which the information mediums and venues of society are overflowing with confessions and apologies. We have made the private affairs of our lives, into a booming business. Society has witnessed a proliferation of self - help groups, ?twelve- step' programs, anger management programs, television shows broadcasting a ?tell all' theme and Internet chat groups designed for people to post the confession and/or apology of the day. Inherently, it has not only become socially acceptable, but socially encouraged to air our dirty laundry. We are actively creating an ?Apologizing Society.' Elshtain argues that as the boundary separating the private and the public becomes increasingly hazed, a new social identity emerges. Elshtain argues that as this new social identity emerges, there arises a ?politics of identity.'Our social identity is no longer composed of differentiated spheres of human activity, but rather it has become a dichotomous social relationship involving those who are victims and those who are victimizers. Moreover, it is the quality or character of being a ?victim' that becomes public discourse. In turn, this quality of being a victim becomes an individual's primary or dominant identity: it defines their entire being. Through the process of class discussion, it was realized, that as the quality of being a victim enters the public lime- light, there emerges a social accumulation of victims and victimizers. The social accumulation of victims emerges as a result of two factors: 1) as the quality of being a victim becomes more public, it's definition and defining characteristics begin to broaden. Thereby, accumulating and embracing a variety of ?victims,'that otherwise, may never have come to view themselves as having been victimized; 2) as the definition of being a victim becomes more broad in the public sphere, it simultaneously becomes glorified and popularized. That is to say, society begins to credit a great deal of sympathy to, and focus a lot of attention on, those who have been victimized. As a result, a social phenomenon emerges, wherein everyone wants to be a ?victim.'As a final note, the social accumulation of victims continues, as some victims feel compelled to engage in the public service of sharing their experience with the world. For example, we often hear victims injecting society with notions of victimization through injunctions such as, My experience will have served a purpose, if I can help one person to understand that they are not alone. Essentially, there is a collective engagement among victims, to ?accumulate' more victims. Response to Question #2: Elshtain argues that the ?politics of displacement' are essentially bound up in the politics of identity, as the private self become increasingly more public, and therefore, the public begins to ?displace' the private self within society. Moreover, Elshtain argues that the politics of displacement are circumvented by two paradoxical connections, wherein: 1) everything private becomes public and 2) everything public becomes private. Through the course of class discussion, it was realized, that although Elshtain argues that everything public become private, she does not mean this, in its literal sense. Elshtain, merely presents the paradox to create the necessary juxtaposition, in which her politics of displacement can be clearly articulated. For Elshtain, the politics of displacement remain emphatic of the increasing disappearance of the boundary separating the private from the public spheres of social life. Elshtain further argues, that the politics of displacement are increasingly cutting away the social space necessary for society to maintain conventional politics. Elshtain concedes, that conventional politics have now become bound up in the politics of displacement and inherently, the politics of identity. Hence, this new social identity of being a ?victim,'which was discussed in the above response, has increasingly billowed over into conventional politics. For example, conventional or traditional politics did not encourage politicians to disclose information and details about their personal life, in contemporary society, ?telling all'

Quantitative and Analytical Techniques for Managers

Quantitative and Analytical Techniques for Managers Relationship between the variables The dependent variable in the model will be the rate of growth of GDP while the independent variable is the amount of investment expressed as a percentage of GDP. A sample data for ten countries will be used to estimate the regression equation.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Quantitative and Analytical Techniques for Managers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The regression line will take the form g = b0 + b1 (1/Yi) + ui when the ordinary least squares method is used. The regression line can be simplified to Y = b0 + b1X Y = rate of growth of GDP X = Investment The theoretical expectations are b0 can take any value and b1 0. Regression Results Variable Coefficients of the variable b0 Y – intercept 0.331859084 b1 Investment 0.186311941 From the above table, the regression equation can be written as Y = 0.3319 + 0.1863X. The intercept value of 0.3319 shows the p roportion of growth in GDP that is not dependent on investment. The value captures the variables that were not included in the regression analysis. The coefficient value is 0.1863. The sign is positive which implies that there is a positive linear relationship between growth in GDP and investment. An increase in investment by one unit leads to the growth in GDP by 0.1863 units. This can be shown by the scatter diagram shown below (Bazen, 96).Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Evaluation of regression model Evaluation of the regression model can be done by testing the statistical significance of the variables. Testing statistical significance shows whether the amount of investment is a significant determinant of the rate of change of GDP. A t – test will be used since the sample size is small. A two tailed t- test is carried out at 95% level of confidence . Null hypothesis: Ho: bi = 0 Alternative hypothesis: Ho: bi ≠  0 The null hypothesis implies that the variables are not significant determinants of demand. The alternative hypothesis implies that variables are significant determinant of demand. The table below summarizes the results of the t tests. Variable t – values computed t ÃŽ ± 0.05 Decision b0 Y – intercept 0.185875 1.9432 Do not reject Ho b1 Investment 2.924371 1.9432 Reject From the table above, the t value of the y – intercept (0.1858) is less than the computed value of t (1.9432). Thus, the null hypothesis will not be rejected. This implies that the intercept is not a significant determinant of the rate of growth of GDP a 95% significance level and thus can be dropped. On the other hand, the t value of the coefficient of the slope (2.9244) is greater than the values of t – tabulated (1.9432). Therefore, the null hypothesis will be rejected and this implies that the investme nt a significant explanatory variable. Thus, investment is statistically significant at the 95% level of significance. The value of the intercept is not relevant when testing the significance of the regression variables. Since the explanatory variable is statistically significant, it implies that the regression line can be used for prediction.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Quantitative and Analytical Techniques for Managers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More R-square value Coefficient of determination shows the amount of changes in the dependent variable that are explained by the independent variables. A high coefficient of determination implies that the explanatory variables adequately explain the variations in the rate of growth of GDP. A low value of coefficient of determination implies that the explanatory variables do not explain the variations in the rate of growth of GDP adequately. For this regression, the value of R2 is 51.67%. This implies that the amount of investment explains only 51.67% of the variation in rate of growth of GDP. It is an indication of a weak explanatory variable. The value of adjusted R2 is superior to the value of the R2 since it eliminates the effects of the number of variables used in the regression model. It is because the number of variables has an effect of increasing the value of R2. Also, the value of adjusted R2 is low at 46.63%. The value is quite low and it indicates that the regression model is weak. It is worth mentioning that the value of adjusted R2 is not always superior in all cases. The value is of significance only when dealing with a sample not a whole population as in the case above. Besides, it is also relevant in model building (Verbeek 87). Testing the overall significance of the regression model The overall significance of the regression model can be analyzed using an F – test at the 95% level of confidence. Null hypothesis H0: ÃŽ ²0 = ÃŽ ²1 =, = ÃŽ ²p Alternative hypothesis H1: ÃŽ ²j ≠  0, for at least one value of jAdvertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The table below summarizes he results of F – test for the regression equation. Variable F – values computed F at ÃŽ ± 0.05 Decision Regression 8.551948 4.71 Reject Ho From the table above, the value of F – computed is greater than the value of F – tabulated. Thus, the null hypothesis will be rejected and conclude that the overall regression line is significant. How to improve the model and results First, the manager can remove the variables that are found not to be statistically significant. Also, the manager can improve the regression equation by more adding variables which are considered that can affect the regression equation. This is often done at the formulation stage. Finally, the manager can increase the power of the explanatory variables. Thus, the management can either use cubic or quadratic functions. Theoretical Framework Justification Human Capital Theory Fringe benefits and wage earnings are identified as the main components of com pensation summation. However, fringe benefits are apportioned a larger share in the total compensation matrix due to the fact that their influence was experiencing a consistent growth over the last decade in the labor market. These fringe benefits are classified as social security, unemployment compensation and employee’s compensation for every unit of labor given as indicated in the human capital theory. In classification, these fringe benefits assume the form of insurance benefits, paid leave, and legally acquired benefits to a worker for every unit of labor delivered against the revenue realized (Allen 10). Labor Market Discrimination Theory Type and form of fringe benefits are never universal. Rather, they are influenced by the type of industry in which labor operates, ration and occupational groups as indicated in the labor market discrimination theory. This is due to the fact that governments and other agencies have introduced laws and regulations aimed at pushing for h igher and reliable compensation. In most instances, the blue collar employees have a larger share of the legalities, construed benefits than their counterparts in white collar jobs (Verbeek 77). Job Characteristics Theory In a bid to extrapolate this relationship, the Job Characteristics/Compensating Wage Differentials theory is a certain reason for the experienced growth over the sample space. Reflectively, the variables interacting within the parameters of this theory are leisure and income within the normal indifference curve. Consequently, the resulting interaction becomes flexible to different bundles of budget constraints that might be present at each level of computation. Further, this theory asserts that indifference curve is a product of various fringe benefits and wage rates that interact simultaneously to yield same utility level for each worker. When all other factors are held constant, higher swing of the indifference curve indicates higher levels of utility (Kanbur 87) . Incentive pay theory The requirement for intrinsic substitution as a component of the decision science aimed at managing the fringe benefits are peculiar in labor economics. In such case, the foregone alternative would be forfeiting leisure related savings for health and pension needs which are characterized as basic for every worker. The adoption of this thought is influenced by the fact that basic needs are more critical than the secondary wants in the matrix of fringe benefits. Besides, the long term effects of purchasing the basic needs are greater than those opting to acquire secondary needs upfront. Tax advantages to employers, scale of economies, and efficiency are major factors that led to the growth of fringe benefits (Koning 137). Therefore, as fringe benefits increase, the workers’ utility increased in the same ratio. Labor Union When implanting compensation plans, it is important for the firm to consider the efficiency of each labor unit against the wage payment s. These units should be quantified in line with performance targets and revenue accrued. In order to achieve this, introduction of regulatory agents, such as supervisors who work alongside the employees may be beneficial. As explained in the labor union theory, this agent often influences wage prices to be very sticky downwards. In the sample, the unionized employees reported stable income and structured employment contracts as pull factors into their respective fields. Regression analysis The regression line can be simplified to take the form Y = b0 + b1X + b2X + †¦+ bnX for n variables. Y = rate of growth of GDP Xi = All explanatory variables Evaluation of regression model A two tailed t- test is carried out at 95% level of confidence. Null hypothesis: Ho: bi = 0 Alternative hypothesis: Ho: bi ≠  0 The table below summarizes the results of the regression and a determination a test on whether they are significant or not. Model B Standard Error Beta t Comments (Const ant) .458 12.729 .036 Positive relationship with the depend relationship Statistically significant S 1.788 .456 .302 3.924 Positive relationship with the depend relationship Statistically significant EDUCDO -.669 4.367 -.012 -.153 Negative relationship with the depend relationship Not Statistically significant EDUCHSD -2.154 3.459 -.074 -.623 Negative relationship with the depend relationship Not Statistically significant EDUCAA -2.899 3.627 -.057 -.799 Negative relationship with the depend relationship Not Statistically significant EDUCBA 3.618 3.353 .099 1.079 Positive relationship with the depend relationship Not statistically significant EDUCMAST .990 4.095 .015 .242 Positive relationship with the depend relationship Not statistically significant EDUCPHD -8.242 12.956 -.025 -.636 Positive relationship with the depend relationship Not statistically significant EDUCPROF 43.449 7.229 .259 6.011 Positive relationship with the depend relationship Statistically signif icant ETHBLACK -2.952 2.871 -.063 -1.028 Negative relationship with the depend relationship Not Statistically significant ETHWHITE -.921 2.424 -.023 -.380 Negative relationship with the depend relationship Not Statistically significant AGE -.357 .244 -.057 -1.464 Negative relationship with the depend relationship Not Statistically significant EXP .642 .134 .197 4.806 Positive relationship with the depend relationship Statistically significant From the table above, only three variables are statistically significant. All the others are not at the 95% level of confidence and thus can be dropped from the regression model. R-square value The value of R2 is 27.8%. This implies that the amount of investment explains only 51.67% of the variation in rate of growth of GDP. It is an indication of a weak explanatory variable. Also, the value of adjusted R2 is low at 26.1%. The value is quite low and it indicates that the regression model is weak. More variable statistically significa nt variables should be added to the regression model at the formulation stage (Allen 97). Testing the overall significance of the regression model The overall significance of the regression model can be analyzed using an F – test at the 95% level of confidence. Null hypothesis H0: ÃŽ ²0 = ÃŽ ²1 =, = ÃŽ ²p Alternative hypothesis H1: ÃŽ ²j ≠  0, for at least one value of j The table below summarizes he results of F – test for the regression equation. Variable F – values computed F at ÃŽ ± 0.05 Decision Regression 16.892 4.71 Reject Ho From the table above, the value of F – computed is greater than the value of F – tabulated. Thus, the null hypothesis will be rejected and conclude that the overall regression line is significant. Test for autocorrelation Autocorrelation is a scenario where the error terms of different periods are related. It is often tested either graphically or by use of the Durbin Watson test. The Durbin Watson lies b etween 0 and 4. A value of 2 implies that there is no correlation between the variables. A value of 0 and 4 indicates a strong correlation. The values are summarized below (Kanbur 77). Model Durbin-Watson Rounded off Comments (Constant) 1.796 2 No correlation S 1.796 2 No correlation EDUCDO 1.796 2 No correlation EDUCHSD 1.796 2 No correlation EDUCAA 1.796 2 No correlation EDUCBA 1.796 2 No correlation EDUCMAST 1.796 2 No correlation EDUCPHD 1.796 2 No correlation EDUCPROF 1.796 2 No correlation ETHBLACK 1.796 2 No correlation ETHWHITE 1.796 2 No correlation AGE 1.796 2 No correlation EXP 1.796 2 No correlation The information in the table below shows that there is no serial correlation in the data. Heteroscedasticity Heteroscedasticity is a scenario where the error term violates the assumption of constant variance. The standard error of the regression equation is 6920.717929. In the regression above, the robust standard errors are 8859.92728. It is a n indication of the possible existence of heteroscedasticity (Koning 98). Allen, Michael. Understanding Regression Analysis, Alabama: Springer, 2004. Print. Bazen, Stephen. Econometric Methods for Labour Economics, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011. Print. Kanbur, Ravi. Labour Markets and Economic Development, Alabama: Routledge, 2012. Print. Koning, Jaap. Evaluation of Active Labour Market Policies: Measures, Public Private Partnerships And Benchmarking, New York: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2007. Print. Verbeek, Marno. A Guide to Modern Econometrics, New York: John Wiley Sons, 2008. Print.

Predict future business opportunities and threats in the national and Essay

Predict future business opportunities and threats in the national and global environment - Essay Example The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze threats and opportunities that businesses face in the future domestically and internationally. The economies of countries have become more interconnected than in the past. A potential opportunity for businesses in the global economy is to take advantage of the growing trade from emerging economies. Emerging economies can be defined as rapidly growing and volatile economies that promise huge potential for growth, but also pose significant political, monetary, and social risks (Businessdictionary). In a lot of these emerging economies there are a growing number of middle class citizens that are looking to purchase consumer products in order to increase their standard of living. Two examples emerging economies that pose a tremendous opportunity for companies looking to expand into foreign markets due to their large populations are China and India. The combined population of China and India account for over one-third of the global popu lation. A market that has been forgotten by the business community which poses an opportunity for companies looking to expand oversees is Africa. The Sub-Sahara African region is considered by many economists as the frontier market. Africa has six of the ten fastest economies in the world (Harare and Johannesburg). Another reason that Africa represents a huge opportunity for businesses in the future is due to the fact that within three decades Africa will surpasses China as the world’s largest workforce. In the future another factor that represents an opportunity for businesses is technological advancement. Companies must invest money in research and development in order to accelerate the process of innovation to bring new technologies to the market. Companies will be able to improve their manufacturing capabilities as technologies such as robotics become advance enough to replace the need for human labor. Automation provides several advantages to companies such as lower labo r costs and greater productivity. â€Å"Automation created hundreds of millions of jobs in entirely new fields† (Kelly). The premise that robotics and automation will increase unemployment is erroneous. The need of low skilled laborers will decrease in the future, but the demand for skilled laborers will rise. New technologies are going to create new markets and more opportunities for new businesses. The supply of labor in the future will change in regards to how companies recruit personnel. The old approach of focusing mainly in employees located near the geographical location of the business will change. Companies in the future are going to look more to recruit employees internationally because it will become harder to find educated employees in many fields from the local labor supply. The governments of the different nations across the world are going to have to change their immigration policies in order to adjust to the needs of global corporations. In the future companie s will be able to reduce their operating costs associated with energy due to the fact that renewable energy sources will become cheap enough to replace the dependency on petroleum as the main source of energy and gasoline. Despite all the positive scenarios of the future of business there are also threats that corporations must deal with. Robotics poses both an opportunity and a threat. If machines evolve enough to have artificial intelligence that is smarter than the human brain it is possible that the robotics

A Role For Theory Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Role For Theory - Research Paper Example Public policy theory, the study or discussion of public policies (in this case relating to Global Warming) play an important role in the daily lives of a policy practitioner. It would one’s first priority as a policy practitioner to keep up to date with what goes on in their world, their country, and the country’s government. To stay in touch with any new changes that the government or official might decide to make or imply is what keeps a policy practitioner going, which has a high tendency of happening as Global Warming policy practitioner. There is much practical value to understanding the theories of public policy for policy practitioner or analyst because keeping their discussions as close to facts as possible is what is going to help them be better at what they do. If they start forming rhetorical theories about an issue they approach, it will be very hard for them to convince others to see their point of view. Environmental Sociology developed in the 1970s when increasing awareness on a social level about global warming or climate change started taking place. By 2007 sociologists who belong to the studies of environmental problems had dedicated themselves to the investigation and application of conceptual approaches to global warming and are still ongoing. The U.S Global Change Research Program, developed in 1989, works with the coordination and integration of federal researches done on the changes in the global environment and their implications on society. The Executive Office of the President of U.S officially oversaw the U.S. Climate Change Science Program, from 2002 to 2008 which was facilitated by the National Coordination Office. I believe that keeping public policies as close to the reality of the situation is the best a practitioner can do.

Interracial relationships within teammates in sports Essay

Interracial relationships within teammates in sports - Essay Example In the arena of sports, this is especially true and of especial importance. The various factors that form this list in the arena of teamwork and relationships on and off the field have been discussed in this paper so as to pose relevant questions regarding the quality of these relationships. To be more specific, this paper discusses the area of interracial relationships and the quality of the same within and outside the field. To begin with, let us define sports. The term 'sports' signifies the act of playing a game according to rules so as to declare a winner and a loser. But the very concoction of word sport will demonstrate that no one really loses. The very fact that a person or a team has stood on the field and performed so as to uphold the game and its rules, is enough to make any person a winner for life. In context of the above mentioned factors and discussion of sports, it may be asserted that there is a strong play of motivation in the conduct of sports and that of sportsmen. The basic motivational factor that is being studied in this paper is a combination of all the factors discussed above with a focus on interracial relationships and how these affect the relationships shared within team-mates on the field and off of it. (Eig, 2007) The motivation based on racial factors mirrors the fact that there is a lot yet to be learnt in terms of the factors that actually shape the psyche of the sportsman and affect his performance in the process. It may also be noted that despite the progress made by the world in terms of phenomena like globalisation, there is still a lot left to achieve as far as one on one relationships between people of various races is concerned. This adheres to various spheres and not just sports. Since a sport is all about teamwork more than anything else, it is easy to see these flaws and take stock of the same. McConley, Pg 3 (2008) In this regard, the foremost question that needs to be asked is whether or not the motivational factors for team mates depends on the friendships and bonds formed on the basis of colour and race. For example, let us look at the case of Jackie Robinson. A baseball player par excellence, who played for the Dodgers starting with the Negro League Kansas City Monarchs in 145, he went on to lead the international batting average with .349 average. Yet, there was constant heckling that he had to face once he got down on the field. The person who stood up and supported him openly was Dodgers captain, Pee Wee Reese. Also, Robinson found strong support in the person who had faced similar discrimination - team mate and Jewish baseball star Hank Greenburg. (Eig, 2007) So the question that comes up here is whether or not like attracts like. Is this a case of the discriminated standing up for the discriminated, or a White person standing up for a minority no matter what. The question that needs to be asked is whether or not the recognition of talent should be the greatest motivation rather than the

Training and Development Issues in Multinational Companies

Training and Development Issues in Multinational Companies 1. Introduction Nowadays Multinational corporations are more and more widespread, but a problem that they still dont have accomplished is how to retain successful employees, and most importantly how to train their employees in order to make them an efficient and successful resource of their enterprises. Some researchers estimated that around 30% of all expatriates sent to undertake overseas assignments return home prematurely (Kim Slocum, 2008; Mendenhall, Dunbar, Oddou, 1987). Failed adjustment of expatriates leads to high amount of economic and social costs for multinationals corporations. Expatriate failure is argued to be the inability of the expatriate to undertake effectively the international assignment, with the consequence of being fired or recalled to home (Tung (1982), therefore it is crucial to identify the ways to reduce and eliminate such failures. Although estimations of the costs of expatriate failure tend to vary in regards to each different country and are not based on a fixed set of criteria, they certainly cannot be neglected by multinationals (Gregersen Black, 1990). This essay aims to explore the strategic issues around training and development that are faced by Multinational corporations. In particular, a definition of what is International training and development will be given, then its importance in MNCs outlined, and the most advocated training programs explained, finally the essay concludes saying that trainees should also take in consideration expatriates spouse and children as the family support is fundamental for an expatriate to perform effectively. 2. What is International training and development? One of the most significant topics of International Human Resource Management (IHRM) is International training and development and its benefits are well recognized in the literature. (Dowling and Welch, 2004; Kamoche, 1996; Mendenhall et al., 1987; Tung, 1982). Kamoche (1996) says: The human resource refers to the accumulated stock of knowledge, skills and abilities that individuals possess, which the firm has built up over time into an identifiable expertise (p. 216). In the management literature, the two words International training and management development are always related to each other. Training has the scope to enhance work behaviour and skills, and development has the scope to gain better abilities for future work (Dowling et al., 1999). The word development in the human resource management area it involves career and abilities development, human resource and management development. Career and abilities development are related to International training and job rotation. Management development aims to identify, forecast and promote International managers. Inside Human resource development is incorporated career and abilities development and management development. Dowling and Welch (2004) argue that the issue for multinationals is how to retain and leverage their employees in order to have at disposal highly trained, internationally oriented human resources to support their strategic responses and concur to their key competencies. Multinationals are increasing their usage of training to improve and assist expatriates activities. 3. The importance of training and development in MNCs Nowadays, a successful international manager has to detain a set of specific abilities in regards to the context, such as managing responsibility skills, cultural adaptability, ability to generate subordinates, ability to demonstrate and to exhibit (Baumgarten, 1992). These skills are regarded as fundamental international ability and characteristics which can be generated with an effective international training and development program. International training is the type of training specifically set for who has been allocated an international assignment. In the international literature the group of international training that has received more attention is Pre-departure training for expatriates, as overseas failure (i.e. the return of an expatriate employee before the completion of the assigned assignment) is most of the time caused by failure to provide adequate international training for expatriates and their spouses. In order to measure the effectiveness of employees expatriation, the expatriate failure rate is a good indicator. One of the reason MNCs have to avoid expatriation failure is certainly because their cost are really high, involving direct (salary, training, travel and relocation costs) and indirect expenditure. The average direct cost per failure to the parent company goes from US$ 55.000 to US$ 80.000, depending to the assignments destination (Mendenhall and Oddou, 1986). Whereas indirect costs can be considerable and difficult to quantify, including the damage of the relationships with host countrys government, other organizations and with customers, losing market share and companys reputation, therefore also missing future business opportunities. Some research conducted among Americans multinationals has revealed a high rate of expatriate failure and therefore it remains a recurring problem (Brewster, 1988). Table 1 shows this phenomenon (Shen and Edwards, 2004). The global environment is becoming more and more complex and in continuous change, for this reason it requires flexibility. Therefore organizations have to devise strategic responses with the help of suitably trained and internationally oriented employees. Researches find that there is positive correlation between the rigor of the selection and training process and its expatriate success rate (Tung, 1981). This means that if a company uses a more rigorous training program then it will significantly benefit and improve the performances of the expatriate in the overseas environment, therefore decreasing the failure rate (Mendenhall et al., 1987). Cultural training aims to enables personnel to adjust themselves in the foreign culture and then work more effectively in the new environment (Earley, 1987). Table 2 shows (in descending order of importance) some reasons of expatriate failure in US and Japanese MNCs (Tung, 1982). Table 2. SOURCE: Tung, 1982. From the table its important to note that the more important cause of expatriate failure is not expatriates absence of adequate technical skills, but the inability of expatriates and their spouse to adapt themselves in the new overseas environment and culture. The aims of international management development is to identify, promote and use international managers, and it is forecasted to have a important role in MNCs because it is fundamentally needed in order to develop a cross-national corporate culture and to integrate international operations. Bartlett and Ghoshal (2000), argue that multinational corporations can develop their network by creating a group of international managers from different countries. 4. International training and development programs In Multinational corporations there are mainly two different groups of international trainings. They are divided in: Pre-departure training for expatriates: before an expatriates departure for the international assignment, there will be a preparatory training course, this has the scope to ensure that the expatriate has the right capacity and knowledge to accomplish his assignment in a successful way. Post-arrival training for expatriates: Once the expatriate is arrived in his destination to fulfil his international assignment, he will be provided with on-site training, in order to familiarize with the new working environment. Training for nationals of the host-country (HCNs) and nationals of third-country (TCNs): multinationals will provide training in order to teach them their corporate culture and strategy. 4.1 Pre-departure training Most of the literature is concentrated on expatriate pre-departure training programs and their scope is to provide and develop host-countrys cultural awareness to expatriates. Once expatriates have been selected by the multinational for an overseas task, pre-departure training is the next indispensable step to be taken in order to ensure the successful and effective performance of expatriates assignment in the host-country (Dowling, Engler, Festing, 2008). Pre-departure training programs to be effective have to include different components: cultural awareness training, preliminary visits, language instruction and assistance with practical assistance (Mendenhall Oddou, 1986). 4.1.1 Cultural awareness programs Is generally known that expatriates have to feel comfortable and adapted in the host-country in order to perform effectively their task, therefore is fundamental to provide them with a well-designed cultural awareness training program. Receiving this kind of training expatriates will understand and appreciate host-countrys different culture and can behave accordingly or develop appropriate coping patterns. Without any understanding of host-countrys different culture, expatriates are likely to feel disoriented and face difficult behavioural problems during their time abroad. Therefore, cultural awareness training is considered the most common and important part of pre-departure training. Cultural awareness training programs is formed by different components which may vary according to country of destination, duration of the assignment, purpose of the expatriation, and the provider of such programs (Dowling, Engler, Festing, 2008). 4.1.2 Preliminary visits One method for orientating the expatriates is to send them in the host-country for a short trip. If the trip overseas is well planned can provide a useful preview to expatriates and their spouse about the international assignments destination, and allow them to assess their suitability for the new environment. This kind of trip is needed also to introduce expatriates to the new business context in the host-country and provide them with more information before their departure. Preliminary visit to the host-country can assist in the initial adjustment process when used as part of a pre-departure training program (Dowling, Engler, Festing, 2008). Even if the useful adoption of preliminary visits is well known, some European multinationals do not provide it. The 1997 European study reported what one firm admitted: We do not provide pre-assignments visits where conditions are so poor that nobody would want to go. 4.1.3 Language training Language training is an important component of a pre-departure training program. However its importance is always put after that of cultural awareness training. It is generally worldwide accepted that English is the common language of the business world. The ORC Worldwide 2002 survey discovered that the adoption of language training for expatriates and their spouse, as part of the pre-departure training program is increased. In fact, results say that 59% of the sample firms provided language training before the departure of expatriates, and 74% provided language training once expatriates arrived on the assignments destination. The ability to speak the foreign countrys language is essential to perform better and improve negotiating ability; indeed Tung (1997) discovered from a survey of 400 expatriates that language competence is a critical part of the assignments performance. Language skills are not important only for task performance but also for cultural adjustment. One reason for multinational not providing language training may be the difficulty and long time required to learn even a base level of a foreign language. A solution to this problem for multinationals is to hire a large language competent staff from which they can choose the potential expatriates to send abroad, but multinationals have also to keep an up-to-date information on all employees, and make frequent tests to verify if those language skills have been maintained (Marschan, Welch, 1997). 4.1.4 Practical assistance Providing practical assistance is another component of a pre-departure training program. Practical assistance aims to help expatriates and their family to adapt themselves to the new foreign environment. Many multinationals are paying specialized assistants in order to help expatriates and their family, providing practical assistance in finding a suitable accommodation or school for their children. 4.2 Post-arrival training Some recent research studies and innovative multinational companies practices suggest that there are three main emerging topic that managers working in multinational corporations have to be aware: In-Country, Real-Time Training, Global Mindset Training; and Self Internet-Based Training. 4.2.1 In-Country, Real-Time Training The majority of multinational corporations think that pre-departure cross-cultural training alone can already give expatriate the necessary skills and knowledge to perform well in the overseas environment. But researchers in this area have analyzed the expatriation process from different perspectives and discovered that multinationals thinking is erroneous, and argued that is important to continue the cross-cultural training program in the early stages of the international assignment (Gudykunst, Guzley, Hammer, 1996; Mendenhall, 1999). Living in a totally new environment facing different culture is a complex task and pre-departure training can provide expatriate with skills and knowledge only to survive, not to excel and overcome problematic situations where expatriates dont know what they should do, because pre-departure training methods cannot cover all the specific cross-cultural situations that expatriates encounter during the international assignment. Therefore once arrived in the foreign country is important to provide expatriates with further education and training in order to make them able to process accurately the new environment around them and to undertake wise moves. In-country training suits these specific needs. Global Mindset Training Nowadays it is very important that managers especially for U.S and European firms to develop global mindset in order to help their own companies to operate in the global context even when they have tasks only at local level. Hence increasing number of companies is educating their managers about global business issues. Multinationals have several ways to do this, for instance they can utilize their internal returning managers or expatriates in terms of their overseas marÂÂ ­ket knowledge, intercultural skills, foreign language ability, and so on. Some Multinational corporations organize seminars both on formal way and on informal way and ask repatriates to share their overseas experiences relocating managers and their families to some specific regions. Then companies could also adopt the method of field experience that puts employees in contact with subcultures, in particular with poor people, within their own country during short and compressed time periods. During this time they should learn how to walk in the moccasins of the members of the subculture. This kind of experience provides them a powerful tool to broaden their horizons, to reduce subjective barriers and prejudices, and increase their interpersonal skills. All these activities enhance those competencies to develop a global leader ship and business knowledge. Self Internet-based training Companies also provide CD-ROM edutainment software to support employees and children in activities of large range in order to help expatriates to increase their productivity overseas. It is designed as self training program. For instance you can find software CD-ROM that can give you a country specific interactive guide for business travelers and ordinary dealings with different cultures under the supervision of some trainers through internet connection. Often these software are tailored with different feature to different employees family members. 5. Trainees: Who should be trained? The support of the expatriates family is of critical importance for any international assignment to be successfully completed. From this point of view, is clear that multinationals have to train all family members of the expatriate in order to receive a high and effective performance of the assignment. According to a survey conducted by Organizational Resource Counsellors (ORC), 47% of multinationals offer training program to the entire family of the expatriate, 33% offer to their employee and spouse, and 20% offer training only to the expatriate employee. Different researchers have analysed this phenomenon and argue that the most important and common reasons for which expatriate cannot perform effectively their international assignment is the inability of their spouses to settle well and live in the host culture (Black, Gregersen, Mendenhall, 1992; Adler, 1997; Kohls, 1994). While expatriate are sustained by the workplace with familiar routines and job tasks, the situation of his or her family members is quite different. The spouse is left alone and has to face difficult challenges in a new international environment such as how to deal with relocation logistics, to establish the household, to settle the children at school, to negotiate with the local services, and to become part of a social network. Obviously the level of difficulty depends on spouses level of confidence and skills. According to findings of a research made by Bennett Associates and Price Waterhouse, most of the times all expatriates are married and the accompanying spouse is female, and they have to face the dual-career dilemma situation at the time of the international relocation. When the accompanying partner is in front of this situation, she or he may feel ambivalent about the move and worried about how to find employment once arrived abroad. So all training programs should take in c onsideration these issues and help the spouse in order to have a positive growth and development during the time abroad. Therefore is very important that the spouse feel that he or she is also an active part in the international assignment (Lublin, 1999). Training programs should also include young family members, supporting them to adapt in the new environment. All these programs should be tailored according to different needs of children, and they are particularly useful in case of strong difference between childrens culture and host-country ones. In most major business centres there are international schools that help expatriate community, trying to facilitate their transition from their own countrys environment to the new foreign countrys environment. In other cases, when is not possible to find this kind of international schools, children have to put more efforts in facing new education system, social norms, and the challenges posed by a new language. 6. Conclusions One of the most important issues of International Human Resource Management is International training and development and this is well known by all researchers. From the literature and study done in this field, researchers argue that most MNCs do not provide sufficient or adequate International training for expatriates and their families. It is argued that Multinationals have reported high percentage of expatriate failure and consequently they do not have many effective international managers in the international arena. Researchers said that the components of each different international training has to be decided in regards to the country of destination, the type of task, the duration of assignment and the purpose of expatriation. Pre-departure training and post-arrival training are the most supported in the literature. Therefore, MNCs should provide effective International training and development to expatriates and their family, Host-country nationals and Third-country nationals, in order to gain better economic performance and to be successful in such a competitive environment.

Time Warner Essay -- essays research papers

Time Warner In 1989, the largest Media Corporation was formed. The integration of Time Inc. and Warner communications produced Time Warner, which in 1996 with the acquisition of Turner broadcasting, regained it's status from Disney as the largest media corporation in the world. The company right now, with over 200 subsidiaries world- wide, is becoming fully global with it's profits from the USA falling, and it's profits throughout the world rising. Globalisation is proving to be Time Warner's major asset in beating other competition to the World market. Currently, Time Warner has interests in many different business fields. Music accounts for a large proportion of its income, while not far behind are its cable systems, entertainment, films, video and television holdings. But, the company has also centred its resources and invested in the global media, producing programmes and channels for countries around the world, which in turn has proven to be a very lucrative area of growth. Time Warner in general has become a 'major force in virtually every medium and on every continent'; So then, why should a company like Time Warner be a threat to the public, and something which all of us citizens around the World should be aware of ? Isn't Time Warner just a success of capitalism ? A successful company, which employs thousands of people and makes massive turnovers, while at the same time advancing the cause of the global market and promoting commercialism doesn't seem like a thing of public concern. In the World village today, why should we need thousand's upon thousand's of small independent company's and tv stations and newspaper's, when we could have ten large conglomerates who would control everything from production to sales to distribution ? The way in which thing's have developed over the past ten years, that scenario or fiction might even become fact or reality. So why should it bother the people of the World ? To begin answering that question, we need to go back a hundred years or so and look at the work of Karl Marx and his interpretations of 'socio-economic order produced by industrial capitalism'; . Marx believed that the unequal distribution of wealth and the way in which the capitalist class controlled this wealth through the possession of raw materials, means of distribution and labour, enabled them to make... ...in maintaining its role as a public broadcaster, and given more financial aid from the government. Advertising could be controlled more vigorously and regulated, particularly during children's programming (As in Sweden). A more drastic approach would be the breaking up of the vertically integrated oligopolies, and establishing more competitive markets. In general, any change must strive to serve all of societies needs and interests, which includes audiences and broadcasters, and not only advertisers and media moguls. So, in the end are oligopolies, vertical integration and concentration matters of public concern ? Of course they are. Matters of ownership of the media and the means of production, distribution and sales are too important to be ignored. In the interests of holding on to a healthy democracy, diversity has to be achieved and maintained. As I have tried to show oligopolies and vertically integrated media industries are just as dangerous as state run ministries that have a monopoly over information. 'Concentrated media power is political and social power';. Thankfully, the World hasn't yet become like the latest offering from James Bond 'Goldeneye';.

Angels with Dirty Faces Film Review

Madden 1 Sarah Madden 18 November 2012 Film Review: Angels with Dirty Faces, USA 1938 The film I have chosen to review and analyse under the theoretical frame Genre is Angels with Dirty Faces, a gangster film directed by Michael Curtiz starring James Cagney and Humphrey Bogart. In Andrew Tudor’s book â€Å"Theories of Film†, he argued that genre is â€Å"what we collectively believe it to be†. I believe that when Tudor says â€Å"we† he means the audience. Audiences have an expectation of what they assume a film to be like and this is down to genre.According to Jill Nelmes, â€Å"Genre is a fundamental means by which we communicate†. Characters, setting and events are made predictable to assist the audience in fulfilling their expectations. The study of Iconography also has a lot to do regarding genre and how such things like props, costumes and settings can tell the audience what genre a film is supposed to be in. When films are placed in certain g enres, recurring events and characters are expected.The likes of Al Capone and James Cagney were recurring actors on contract used for the gangster genre in the Hollywood Studio System around the 1930s and this entertained the audiences as they knew what to expect from their idealised actors from the roles they played. Angels with Dirty Faces epitomises the gangster genre during the 1930s. Made in 1938, the Michael Curtiz film followed rules and conventions that were expected of the genre around that time. The gangster film emerged from the Great Depression and the First World War, as gangsters of America, and more precisely New York began to â€Å"run† urban cities.In â€Å"A World History of Film†, Robert Sklar wrote: â€Å"These [Gangster] films responded to the changes in urban crime as a result of the post-World War 1 amendment to the United States Constitution prohibiting the manufacture, distribution, or sale of alcoholic beverages. Prohibition fostered powerfu l criminal organizations that supplied illegal liquor, their highly publicized exploits found their way into films in the later 1920s. † Madden 2 There is an obvious question regarding gangster films about whether they suppress criminality or encourage it.In Angels with Dirty Faces, we see how the gangster lifestyle is having a bad effect on the youths, but how the main gangster, Rocky Sullivan, is punished in the end for his rebellion against the law. In his review of the film, Jeremiah Kipp wrote: â€Å"It begs the question of how much the gangster movie star persona affects our youth. † The film fits the genre it is categorised in as it follows the conventions of other gangster films. It is set in the slums of New York City where the Dead End Kids grow up and where Rocky Sullivan and Jerry Connolly grew up.There is a loyalty present between Sullivan and Connolly that goes back to when they were delinquent children, although Connolly betters his life by joining the pr iesthood, whereas Sullivan spends his childhood in the society for juvenile delinquents and much of his life in prison. Connolly is coined as the hero in this story and he follows the characteristics of the hero in Schatz’ â€Å"Genres of Order†, whereby Schatz lists the general characteristics related to the heroic figure in the gangster and also western genres.The hero, Schatz describes, is male dominant, located in a contested space usually unstable, surrounded by externalised conflict expressed through violence and takes it upon himself to resolve the problems and eliminate the villain, usually leading to the death of the villain. Connolly possesses all of these traits as he is indeed male, the location is in the slums of the city, he is surrounded by figures like Sullivan who use violence as a solution and he, being old friends with Sullivan, tries to stop him on his own, without police assistance, as we see in the final scenes of the film.This shows how character s in a certain type of film genre can help define that genre as they follow similar characteristics. Another aspect common within the gangster genre and present within Angels with Dirty Faces, is the rise and fall of the gangster, which we see from when Sullivan is released from prison at the start to when he is executed at the end. The message in almost all of the gangster films is that crime doesn’t pay, which is shown by the demise of the gangster at the end. Films within the gangster genre also follow certain themes such as Betrayal, Self-destruction and Loyalty.We can see these themes emerging in Curtiz’ film as Connolly betrays Sullivan, for the benefit of the Dead End Kids, by giving information to the newspapers and police and going public in a bid to stop the crime in the city, starting with Sullivan. The theme of Self-destruction is also evident as Sullivan does no favours for himself by rebelling against the law and by shooting at the police. Madden 3 Sulliv an continually makes bad choices which end up in his own self-destruction as he is eventually caught and punished for his actions.The theme of Loyalty is also introduced in gangster films, usually with the gangster mobs being loyal to one another, but in Angels with Dirty Faces, we see Sullivan’s loyalty to Connolly. Sullivan respects Connolly and shows this at the end of the film when Connolly asks Sullivan to be a coward at the time of his death, so as not to be a hero to the Dead End Kids, which Sullivan reluctantly does. The study of Iconography ties in with the defining of genre as an audience can tell the type of genre a film is within the opening sequence, looking at clothing, props, music and settings.The visual signifiers of a gangster film include weapons such as guns; the setting being usually in a big city, smart clothing on the successful, superior gangsters and shabby clothing on the younger figures living in a gangster lifestyle. The visual signifiers of Angels with Dirty Faces which helped determine it was a gangster film was the enclosed urban city setting, the troublesome youths stealing from a cargo train and the fast and anticipating music when they are running from the police, followed by the downbeat, ominous tone of music when one of the youths are caught.The verbal signifiers also helps one determine the genre of a film, as the dialogue and language used can indicate the film. The way the two young boys speak, along with how they are dressed, shows their upbringing in an unprivileged, urban lifestyle. The first shot shows a newspaper headline, which reads â€Å"Harding nominated for President† reveals to the audience that the film was set in 1921. The film shows many front page newspaper close-ups throughout, which helps the audience follow what is going on without having to show a clip-by-clip action.Angels with Dirty Faces follows the pattern of other gangster genre films by the execution of Sullivan at the end, showing the rise and fall of the gangster. This portrays a message to the audience that the gangster never wins. For morality purposes, the gangster cannot be seen as glorified and must always be seen to be defeated or killed in order to protect society. In his article, â€Å"Teaching through Genre†, Tom Ryall says that â€Å"Genres may be defined as patterns/forms/styles/structures which transcend individual films, and which supervise both their construction by the film maker, and their reading by an audience.Madden 4 Ryall is saying that although films are made individually, they follow some patterns or structures which categorises them into certain types of genre. The gangster film follows certain aspects regarding iconography, setting, events etc. which make it fall into the gangster genre. Angels with Dirty Faces follows some of the forms and structures of other gangster films such as the use of weapons, the violence, the slick clothing of the higher gangsters and the death of the gangster at the end which all show why it locates itself in the Gangster genre.Iconography is also used when defining genre as it helps an audience fulfil their expectations. Madden 5 Works Cited Angels with Dirty Faces. Dir. Michael Curtiz. Perf. James Cagney, Pat O’Brien, Humphrey Bogart. Warner Bros, 1938. DVD. Sklar, Robert. A World History of Film. Ed. Katherine Rangoon Doyle. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , 2002. Print. Hollows, Joanne, and Mark Jancovich, eds. Approaches to Popular Film. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1995. Print.Nelmes, Jill, ed. An Introduction to Film Studies. 2nd Ed. New York: Routledge, 1999. Print. Kipp, Jeremiah. â€Å"Angels with Dirty Faces†. Rev. of Angels with Dirty Faces, dir. Michael Curtiz. Slant Magazine Online: 2 Feb. 2005. Web. 17 Nov. 2012. Tudor, Andrew. Theories of Film. New York: Viking Adult, 1974. Print. Schatz, Thomas. Hollywood Genres: Formulas, Filmmaking, and the Studio System. New York, N. Y. : McGraw- Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages, 1981. Print.

Concepts of Effective Leadership

Concepts of Effective Leadership Meaning of leadership; the characteristics and qualities of effective leaders The success of any corporate body or organisation depends on its leader’s ability to coordinate and manage the utilisation of its resources, for achievement of common organisational goals. Therefore, an effective leader should be able to coordinate and manage all affairs of an organisation, through supplying and setting in an organisation achievable visions and coordinating all employees’ efforts, for purposes of achieving common organisational goals. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Concepts of Effective Leadership specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, an effective leader should ensure that, in the long run both an organisation and employees’ goals or needs are achieved. On the other hand, an effective leader is a king leader who provides positive influences to a company. Considering this, effective leadership entails the practice of influencing or coordinating employee’s efforts, for purposes of achieving â€Å"extraordinary† organisational goals. To achieve success beyond the set standards a leader must hold high standards of integrity, be motivating, creative, influential, a good problem solver, and have ability to formulate achievable goals and appropriate communication channels within an organisation. Further, a good leader must be hardworking and have the ability to create a good working environment; environments that will encourage innovativeness and cooperation between all organs of an organisation. Personal Experience For me, the most valuable leadership practice was my initiative to organize and to improve a professional course for the analysts of HNA Group. HNA Group is a large Chinese based company which has developed itself from a single purpose airline company to a diversified corporation across 8 different industries. In 2009, the company planned to expand its territory to the international Hospitality Industry, since the world had suffered a great economic recession, making the value of the entire industry generally low. At the time, I was an analyst and an assistant for the COO of the company and faced a lot of difficult in doing my job when the company started looking for target companies to acquire. Traditionally, a successful investment requires exhaustive financial analysis to understand the target industry and the performance of the target company. It also requires analysts who are suddenly thrust in the new position to evaluate businesses based upon unfamiliar technology and financial system. Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Throughout my research about the hospitality industry, I struggled to grasp the significance of core technologies but did not get the clue, a fact that I discovered was common among colle agues. The investment bankers offered us many valuable options but, without proper researches, the core intelligence team could not convincingly evaluate the options and define the ones that were bests for our company. I thereby realized that the analysis team needs technical support to improve their knowledge. As an analyst, it was hard for me to get enough attention and support from the head of the management team, forcing me to get the information through collecting opinions from my colleagues. Through coordinating with my colleagues I was able to write a business proposal, which provided solutions to the problem to the management team. After analysing the proposal, the management supported the solution plan, because after that the management team arranged a series of seminars that were led by the industry experts of the company. At the beginning of the seminars, the internal experts enlightened us about the nature of the industry and the particular interests of the company; h owever, I soon realized that internal experts were not qualified to teach us about international finance and cross-board acquisition since of their experiences were primarily China-based. In response, my colleges and I started to communicate with other analysts to discover the alternatives. After collecting responses from the analysts, I realized that the most effective alternative for the company was to hire technology consultants from the outside sources, because in this way, the analysts could get more comprehensive and technical knowledge. Although the new solution was good, unlike the old one that was less costly, to implement the new one the company had to incur extra costs. This made it very hard fro the managers to approve it, because it required wide consultation among all top management organs. Therefore, I decided to make a complete proposal to the managers to convince them that the company needed expensive alternative to help the analysts perform their duties effective ly. To make sure that I had the necessary convincing power, I also consulted with my superiors who were very beneficial in helping me to improve my convincing power. Through persuasion, the management team approved my alternative plan, after reviewing the analysts’ responses about the seminars and my research on the alternatives. Using my colleague’s comments and the managers’ evaluation report, the external experts greatly improved the company’s ability to analyze target companies as well as advised the managers more intelligently on how to enhance their practise.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Concepts of Effective Leadership specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Areas I Plan to Develop This experience made me to acknowledge that, communication is a very important component of any organisation; because it is through communication that one can pass any message they want to pass effectively, for purposes of winning the confidence of others. This is something I realised, because of the difficulties that I faced in selling my expensive alternative to the management. In addition, to the significance of communication, I also learnt the significance of developing solid professional relationships with workmates. Therefore to enhance my communication and convincing skills, I intend to do more researches on how to become an effective business communicator and learn more about the art of writing and presenting convincing business proposals.

Types Of Verbal Deception essays

Types Of Verbal Deception essays This study serves to attain a better understanding of deception types and the nature of verbal manipulation. In this report analysis of various research was used to come to a consensus on the different types of verbal deception and how they affect apparent message competence and manipulative qualities. Analysis confirms that the Information Manipulation Theory is the best indicator of deception types in Western Discourse. Through careful evaluation, evidence seems to suggest that manipulations of quality, quantity, relation, and manner all significantly influence perceived message competence and deceptiveness. The violation of quality was found to be the most deceptive. Two major avenues of study have risen in deception research. One looks at a persons ability to detect deceptive messages. The other inquires what makes up a deceptive message. While this article touches on both, it focuses on the latter issue. When looking at types of message deceit, this study sought to find what types of messages are involved in manipulation and what types of are perceived as being the most manipulative. Manipulation in communication is defined as messages intended to mislead receivers. When examining manipulation in communication a guideline must be created to label the different types of deception. This essay will examine different manipulation literature and come to a consensus on what verbal communication manipulation entails. This article presupposes Paul H. Grices Co-operative principal when examining manipulation. Understanding of western speech and dissertation, including the Information Manipulation Theory, is based off the guidelines of discourse set forth by Grice. He projected a set of broad assumptions to which all conversationalists must follow in order to be perceived as proficient. His basic assumption was that any discourse, whether written or spoken, is a joint effort. Both the speaker and receiver must follow certain synt...

Bus 617-week 10 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bus 617-week 10 - Essay Example Evaluation of the program’s effectiveness within my organization would be through ensuring it is not duplicative and regularly monitoring the shelf life of the courseware. This practice would support workplace happiness by bringing in a true worldwide buy in of training programs among the participants and significantly reducing the cost of training. The practice is also flexible. What is happening now in my organization is lack of excellent content that can be applied globally and it is affecting the entire learning industry. Going by the potential of this practice, the future looks great and promising. The reason as to why I am saying that the future looks great is because using the practice well together with the program would just have the best effect on any given organization apart from mine. This information I acquired through real-time research and everything taught can be built on oneself. Most of the information came from a pdf called best practices of high functioning learning organizations. The rest of the information came from comparing notes over the internet and library. As I complete this exercise, I feel comfortable with the information that I acquired because it is self-explanatory and I can easily feel it transforming my organization and the entire industry. I have five goals namely extending my organization by going global, creating satisfaction to my customers, getting better learning programs for my organization, reducing the cost of learning and engaging my customers in the best way possible. One year from now, I will have done a lot considering the use of global practice. The organization at this time looks great, as I have gone global. The priority is however going global and the starting point is using the global practice. The advantages are that it could place the organization better competitively and at the same time, the disadvantage being that it would take more time to fully be implemented

Pyramids in Egypt Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Pyramids in Egypt - Research Paper Example This paper will focus on this and more so, on the Great pyramids of Giza. The name of the great pyramids is because they constitute the oldest and the largest pyramids in ancient Egypt (Lenher, 1997). They were the first pyramids to be constructed in Egypt by a King called Cheops. Although Cheops was not the first to construct a pyramid, many others including his father Snofru had tried and failed to come up with a perfect pyramid (Verner, 2003). The History – The First Pyramid The history of pyramids can be dated back to the early construction of tombs in Egypt. The construction of the tombs was especially for the burial of the kings and pharaohs of the land. According to Petrie an Egyptologist (Verner, 2003), the pyramids were approximately 280 cubits high and 440 cubits lengthwise. The Pyramids form the greatest wonders of the world today. According to Mendelssohn (1971), the above measurements of the pyramid translate to about a height of 454.5 feet and a length of 755 34 feet. The dimensions brought about the exact relation between the height and length to an accurate 22/7 also known as the ? in mathematics. This accuracy has resulted in questions whether the Egyptians already had a well formed architectural culture, or whether it was by chance. Verner (2003) stated that it did not matter whether they knew the existence of the mathematical ?, the thing is that they used it nonetheless. However, some historians believe that this accuracy could have been deliberate and should therefore not be ignored. According to Petrie, the precision must have been deliberate and included in the design of the builders. The development of the pyramids can be traced back to the culture of the Egyptians. Egyptians were very religious people and believed in many gods. People saw the Pharaoh who was their head as a living god. This respect of the Pharaoh was immense, that the Egyptians believed that they were still ruling over them in spirit form. Hence they were worship ped even in their dead state. The Egyptians believed in life after death. According to them, when a person died, their soul would remain and exist in spirit form called Ka. People believed that Ka would revisit the dead body and dwell in it. As a result of this belief, it was paramount that the body be preserved to entice Ka to come back into the body and dwell forever (Verner, 2003). Since they also believed that life after death was more important and eternal, they treated the dead with great respect and even worshiped them (Verner, 2003). This led to the construction of tombs. Great expense in terms of time and skill went into construction of tombs especially for the Pharaohs. The name of the early tombs was Mastaba (Edwards, 1993). These Mastabas were graves that had slanted walls and flat tops. They formed the embryo for the construction of pyramids. The construction of the stepped pyramids was an attempt to improve these tombs. The formation was through layering of Mastabas fo rming a pyramid that has steps on the side. There was still dissatisfaction as there was a desire to give the Pharaoh an ultimate resting place where he could be worshipped forever. Since the Kings also had a lot of possessions, which they treasured, there was a need to build bigger tombs to accommodate the possessions. Such constructions allowed for the burial of the Pharaoh. From the stepped

How Cultures Conflict in Native American Vs. European Culture Term Paper

How Cultures Conflict in Native American Vs. European Culture - Term Paper Example This paper tells that cultures change always and have a relationship with symbols of life dimensions. Symbolic dimensions can be places where we make meanings and enact consistently our identities. Therefore cultural messages from our origin convey what is important to us, who we are and what relationships we have with others. As Nina puts it, cultures conflict in such a way that cultural messages make what people in a cultural group know that the outsiders know not. These cultural messages are like a series of lenses shaping what we do not see as well as what we see, how the group interpret and perceive, and where they draw boundaries. Cultures conflict such that they shape the values and involve the currencies and starting points of every individual group. What is perceived as important by one group may not mean anything to the other group? For example, starting points places natural to start from with group or individual concerns with particularities or big picture. Currencies may be the things that a particular cultural group care about so much and shape and influence their interaction with other cultural groups. Cultures are basically embedded in all manners of conflict since human relationships are the origin of conflicts. Particular cultures affect the way people frame, name, blame or attempt to resolve conflicts. It is a cultural question whether at all there is an existence of a conflict. According to the readings, labeling interactions as conflicts and scrutinizing them to smaller content sections is a Western approach distinctly and obscures other related aspects.